BA LLB Syllabus
Posted on : 7 January, 2026 12:35 am
Choosing law as a career starts with understanding what you will actually study. The BA LLB syllabus is designed to give students a strong foundation in law along with humanities subjects, making them socially aware, analytically sharp, and legally competent professionals. Approved and regulated by the Bar Council of India (BCI), this integrated five-year program prepares students for advocacy, judiciary, corporate law, civil services, and global legal careers.
This blog provides a complete, reliable, and easy-to-understand explanation of the BA LLB syllabus, semester-wise, subject-wise, and career-wise.
Get in Touch with PMCL Law Experts
📞 Call: 7438900900
📧 Email: info@puranmurti.in
🌐 Visit: Puran Murti College of Law Official Website
What Is BA LLB? – Course Overview
BA LLB stands for Bachelor of Arts + Bachelor of Legislative Law. It is a 5-year integrated law degree pursued after Class 12. Unlike a simple law degree, the BA LLB syllabus combines:
-
Arts subjects (Political Science, Sociology, Economics, History)
-
Core law subjects (Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Civil Law, Corporate Law)
This integrated structure helps students understand law in its social, political, and economic context.
BA LLB Course Structure
The BA LLB syllabus is divided into 10 semesters over 5 years:
| Year | Focus Area |
|---|---|
| Year 1–2 | Humanities + Basic Law |
| Year 3 | Core Indian Laws |
| Year 4 | Advanced & Applied Laws |
| Year 5 | Specialisation, Drafting & Internships |
Year-Wise BA LLB Syllabus Explained in Simple Language
FIRST YEAR SUBJECTS
Legal Methods
Legal Methods introduces students to how law works in practice. It explains the sources of law, such as legislation, judicial precedents, and customs. Students learn how judges interpret laws and how legal reasoning is applied in courts. This subject builds the foundation for understanding case laws and judgments. It also introduces legal research and citation methods. Legal Methods helps students develop logical thinking, analytical skills, and legal interpretation abilities, which are essential throughout the BA LLB course and for future legal practice.
Law of Torts
The Law of Torts deals with civil wrongs, where harm is caused to a person or property and compensation is provided. It covers concepts like negligence, nuisance, defamation, trespass, and liability. This subject teaches how courts decide responsibility when someone suffers loss due to another’s actions. It is very practical and relevant to everyday life situations. Understanding tort law helps students prepare for litigation, judicial services, and consumer protection cases, making it an important part of legal education.
Law of Contract I
Law of Contract I explains how legal agreements are formed. Students learn about offer, acceptance, consideration, consent, and legality of objects. This subject teaches when an agreement becomes legally enforceable and when it is void or voidable. Contract law forms the backbone of commercial and corporate transactions. It is essential for careers in corporate law, business advisory, and legal consultancy. This subject also helps students understand real-life contracts like employment agreements and service contracts.
Law of Crimes I (Indian Penal Code)
This subject introduces students to criminal law under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). It explains what constitutes a crime, criminal liability, punishments, and defenses. Students study important offences like theft, murder, culpable homicide, assault, and cheating. The subject focuses on intention, knowledge, and punishment. IPC is the foundation for criminal litigation and judiciary preparation. It helps students understand how the state maintains law and order and protects society from criminal acts.
Political Science I (Political Theory and Indian Constitution)
This subject introduces political ideas and constitutional principles. Students study concepts like justice, liberty, equality, democracy, and sovereignty. It also explains the philosophical background of the Indian Constitution. Understanding political theory helps law students grasp why constitutional values exist. This subject strengthens analytical thinking and is very helpful for constitutional law, civil services, and judiciary preparation. It connects law with governance and public policy.
Sociology I (Sociology of Indian Society)
Sociology of Indian Society helps students understand social structures, institutions, and social issues. Topics include caste, class, religion, family, gender, and social change. This subject explains how law interacts with society and addresses social problems. It develops social awareness and sensitivity, which is important for legal professionals. Sociology helps students understand why certain laws are made and how they affect different sections of society, especially marginalized groups.
Economics I (Micro Economics)
Micro Economics focuses on individual economic units like consumers, firms, and markets. Students learn about demand, supply, pricing, production, and market structures. This subject helps law students understand economic behavior behind contracts, trade, and competition. It is especially useful for corporate law, competition law, and policy-making. Economics builds logical thinking and helps lawyers analyze financial and commercial disputes effectively.
SECOND YEAR SUBJECTS
Law of Contract II
Law of Contract II deals with special types of contracts, such as indemnity, guarantee, bailment, pledge, and agency. It explains rights and duties arising from these contracts. Students learn how businesses and individuals manage risk through contractual relationships. This subject is essential for understanding commercial transactions and corporate agreements. It is very useful for careers in corporate law, banking law, and business advisory services.
Company Law I
Company Law I introduces students to company formation and basic corporate structure. It explains types of companies, incorporation, memorandum, articles, and share capital. Students learn how companies operate as separate legal entities. This subject is important for understanding the corporate world and business laws. It lays the foundation for advanced corporate law and is highly useful for corporate lawyers and legal advisors.
Labour Law I
Labour Law I focuses on industrial relations and workers’ rights. It covers trade unions, industrial disputes, and collective bargaining. Students learn how the law protects workers and balances employer-employee relationships. This subject is important for understanding workplace justice and employment regulations. It prepares students for careers in labour litigation, HR legal advisory, and industrial relations.
Family Law II
Family Law II generally covers Muslim law and other personal laws. It explains marriage, divorce, maintenance, and inheritance. Students learn how personal laws govern family relationships in India. This subject develops understanding of religious diversity and legal pluralism. It is useful for family court practice, judicial services, and social justice-oriented legal work.
Constitutional Law II
Constitutional Law II deals with Centre-State relations, emergency provisions, and constitutional amendments. It explains how power is divided between the Union and States. Students also study the impact of emergencies on fundamental rights. This subject is very important for judiciary exams and constitutional litigation. It strengthens understanding of Indian federalism and governance.
Legal Language and Legal Writing
This subject improves legal drafting and communication skills. Students learn how to write legal documents, case briefs, notices, and opinions. It focuses on clarity, precision, and professional legal language. Good legal writing is essential for advocacy, judiciary, and corporate practice. This subject helps students become effective legal communicators.
Law of Crimes II (CrPC and Evidence Act)
This subject covers criminal procedure and evidence law. Students learn how criminal trials are conducted and what evidence is admissible in court. It explains FIRs, investigation, trials, and burden of proof. This subject is crucial for criminal litigation and judiciary preparation. It teaches the practical working of criminal justice system.
Constitutional Law I
Constitutional Law I focuses on nature of the Constitution and Fundamental Rights. Students study equality, freedom, religion, and constitutional remedies. This subject builds the core understanding of citizens’ rights. It is essential for constitutional litigation and public law careers. It forms the backbone of Indian legal education.
Jurisprudence I
Jurisprudence I introduces students to legal theory and philosophy of law. It explains what law is, why it exists, and different schools of legal thought. This subject develops critical thinking and analytical skills. It is important for understanding deeper concepts of justice and legal reasoning.
Political Science II
This subject covers comparative government and politics. Students compare political systems of different countries. It helps understand constitutional structures worldwide. This knowledge is useful for international law and civil services preparation.
Sociology II
Sociology II focuses on social anthropology, studying culture, customs, and social institutions. It helps law students understand community practices and customary laws. This subject improves social awareness.
Economics II
Macro Economics deals with national income, inflation, monetary policy, and economic growth. It helps students understand economic policies and governance. Useful for taxation and policy-related legal fields.
THIRD YEAR SUBJECTS
Law of Crimes I (Indian Penal Code)
This subject studies crimes and punishments under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in detail. Students learn about criminal responsibility, intention, negligence, and general exceptions. Major offences like murder, culpable homicide, theft, robbery, cheating, and criminal breach of trust are explained. The subject helps students understand how criminal law protects society and maintains public order. IPC knowledge is essential for criminal litigation, judicial services, police services, and prosecution work. It also builds strong conceptual clarity for higher criminal law subjects.
Company Law II
Company Law II focuses on advanced corporate matters such as management, directors’ duties, meetings, mergers, winding up, and shareholder rights. Students learn how companies are governed and regulated under Indian law. This subject explains corporate compliance and accountability. It is extremely important for students aiming for careers in corporate law firms, SEBI practice, company secretarial roles, and in-house legal departments. It builds practical understanding of corporate governance.
Labour Law II
Labour Law II deals with employment relations and labour welfare laws. It covers laws related to wages, working conditions, social security, and employee protection. Students study dispute resolution mechanisms and workers’ rights. This subject is important for understanding employment law in modern workplaces. It is useful for careers in HR legal advisory, labour litigation, industrial relations, and compliance roles.
Law of Evidence
Law of Evidence explains what evidence is acceptable in court and how facts are proved. Students learn about oral evidence, documentary evidence, confessions, admissions, burden of proof, and witness examination. This subject is highly practical and essential for court practice. It helps students understand how judges decide cases based on evidence. Evidence law is crucial for litigation, judiciary exams, and criminal trials.
Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act
This subject explains the procedure followed in civil cases. Students learn how civil suits are filed, tried, and executed. It covers jurisdiction, pleadings, appeals, and execution of decrees. The Limitation Act teaches time limits for filing cases. This subject is essential for civil litigation and judiciary preparation. It gives practical knowledge of how courts function in civil disputes.
Interpretation of Statutes
This subject teaches how judges interpret laws. Students learn rules of interpretation, literal and purposive interpretation, and use of precedents. It helps understand how ambiguous legal provisions are clarified by courts. This subject strengthens legal reasoning and judgment analysis skills. It is useful in constitutional law, drafting, judiciary exams, and advocacy.
Constitutional Law II (Centre-State Relations & Emergency)
This subject focuses on federal structure of India, relations between Union and States, and emergency provisions. Students learn how powers are divided and what happens during national, state, or financial emergencies. This subject is very important for judiciary, UPSC, and constitutional litigation. It deepens understanding of governance and constitutional balance.
Administrative Law
Administrative Law deals with powers and functions of government authorities. It explains delegated legislation, administrative tribunals, and judicial control over administrative actions. Students learn about principles like natural justice and rule of law. This subject helps understand how citizens are protected against misuse of government power. It is important for public law practice and judiciary exams.
Family Law I (Hindu Law)
Family Law I deals with Hindu personal law, including marriage, divorce, adoption, maintenance, and succession. Students learn how family relationships are legally regulated. This subject helps understand social justice issues within family systems. It is important for family court practice and judiciary preparation.
Jurisprudence II
Jurisprudence II focuses on principles of legislation and interpretation. It explains how laws are made and evolved. This subject deepens theoretical understanding and legal philosophy. It sharpens analytical thinking and helps in answering conceptual legal questions in exams.
History (Courts and Legislatures in India)
This subject explains the historical development of courts and legislative bodies in India. Students learn how the Indian legal system evolved during British rule. It provides context to modern laws and institutions. This subject improves historical understanding of law.
FOURTH YEAR SUBJECTS
Law of Property
Law of Property deals with ownership and transfer of property. Students study sale, lease, mortgage, gift, and actionable claims. This subject is very practical and useful in civil litigation and real estate law. It helps understand property rights and disputes.
Intellectual Property Rights
IPR focuses on protection of creative works and inventions. Students learn about patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs. This subject is important for modern industries like technology and media. It opens careers in IP law and corporate advisory.
Environmental Law
Environmental Law deals with protection of environment and sustainable development. Students study pollution control laws and environmental rights. This subject is relevant for public interest litigation and environmental advocacy.
Labour Law I (Industrial & Social Security Law)
This subject covers industrial disputes and employee welfare schemes. It explains how workers are protected through social security laws. Useful for labour practice and corporate compliance roles.
International Law I
International Law I introduces basic principles of international law. Students learn about sources of international law and global relations. It is useful for international careers and diplomacy.
Taxation Law
Taxation Law explains direct and indirect taxes. Students learn income tax principles and GST basics. This subject is important for corporate law, tax consultancy, and financial advisory roles.
FIFTH YEAR SUBJECTS
Law of Evidence
Advanced application of evidence law focusing on courtroom practice. It sharpens advocacy and trial skills. Essential for litigation and judiciary.
Family Law II
Family Law II focuses on Muslim law and adoption & maintenance laws. It strengthens understanding of personal laws and social justice.
Company Law II (Corporate Governance & Securities Law)
This subject deals with corporate accountability and securities regulation. Important for stock market and corporate advisory careers.
Labour Law II (Employment Law)
Focuses on modern employment relationships and workplace regulations. Important for HR and compliance roles.
International Law II
Covers state jurisdiction, territory, and recognition. Useful for global legal careers and international organizations.
Dissertation
The dissertation allows students to research a legal topic in depth. It builds research, writing, and analytical skills. This prepares students for higher studies and professional legal writing.
📌 Why it matters:
These subjects help students understand why laws exist and how society shapes law—a key pillar of the BA LLB syllabus.
Elective Subjects in BA LLB Syllabus
Students can choose specialisations based on career goals:
-
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
-
Cyber Law
-
International Law
-
Arbitration & Mediation (ADR)
-
Human Rights Law
-
Labour & Industrial Law
1. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) deals with the legal protection of creations of the human mind, such as inventions, brands, artistic works, and designs. In the BA LLB syllabus, this subject explains patents, trademarks, copyrights, and geographical indications. Students learn how innovators and companies protect their ideas from misuse. IPR is especially important in industries like technology, pharmaceuticals, media, fashion, and startups. The subject also covers international treaties like TRIPS Agreement. Understanding IPR helps law students build careers as IP lawyers, legal advisors to startups, or corporate counsels in innovation-driven sectors.
2. Cyber Law
Cyber Law focuses on legal issues related to computers, the internet, and digital technologies. Under the BA LLB syllabus, this subject explains laws governing online crimes, data protection, digital contracts, cyber fraud, hacking, and social media misuse. Students study the Information Technology Act, 2000, along with emerging issues like privacy, artificial intelligence, and cyber security. Cyber Law is highly relevant in today’s digital world, where businesses and individuals depend on online platforms. This subject prepares students for careers as cyber crime lawyers, compliance officers, data protection advisors, and legal consultants in IT companies.
3. International Law
International Law deals with rules and principles that govern relations between countries and international organizations. In the BA LLB syllabus, this subject covers treaties, international human rights, law of the sea, diplomatic relations, and international dispute resolution. Students learn how global institutions like the United Nations, International Court of Justice, and WTO function. International Law is useful for students aiming for careers in international organizations, diplomacy, foreign services, NGOs, and global law firms. It also helps in understanding how international norms influence Indian laws and foreign policy decisions.
4. Arbitration & Mediation (ADR)
Arbitration and Mediation, also known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), focuses on resolving disputes outside traditional courts. The BA LLB syllabus includes ADR to teach faster, cost-effective, and less adversarial methods of justice. Students study arbitration agreements, mediation processes, conciliation, and institutional arbitration, mainly under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. ADR is widely used in commercial, corporate, family, and international disputes. This subject opens career paths as arbitrators, mediators, corporate lawyers, and dispute resolution specialists, especially as courts encourage non-litigation solutions.
5. Human Rights Law
Human Rights Law focuses on the basic rights and freedoms guaranteed to every individual. In the BA LLB syllabus, this subject covers civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights at both national and international levels. Students study the Indian Constitution, international conventions, and human rights enforcement mechanisms. The subject emphasizes protection against discrimination, exploitation, and abuse of power. Human Rights Law is ideal for students interested in public interest litigation, NGOs, international bodies, social justice advocacy, and policy-making roles. It builds ethical awareness and sensitivity towards vulnerable sections of society.
6. Labour & Industrial Law
Labour and Industrial Law deals with laws governing the relationship between employers, employees, and trade unions. In the BA LLB syllabus, this subject explains wages, working conditions, social security, industrial disputes, and employee rights. Students study key legislations such as the Factories Act, Industrial Disputes Act, and labour codes. This subject is crucial in sectors like manufacturing, corporate HR, public sector units, and multinational companies. Knowledge of Labour Law helps students become labour law practitioners, HR legal advisors, compliance officers, and industrial relations consultants.
Skill-Based Components (Mandatory by BCI)
The BA LLB syllabus includes compulsory practical training:
-
Moot Court Exercises
-
Legal Aid Clinics
-
Court Visits
-
Drafting & Research Projects
-
Minimum Internships every year
These are mandatory for Bar enrollment in India.
How BA LLB Syllabus Helps in Careers
| Career Path | Relevant Subjects |
|---|---|
| Judiciary | Constitutional Law, CPC, CrPC |
| Corporate Lawyer | Company Law, Contract Law |
| Litigation | Evidence, Drafting, Criminal Law |
| Civil Services | Polity, Law, Ethics |
| Legal Advisor | Jurisprudence, Administrative Law |
Career Mapping After BA LLB: Subject-Wise Career Opportunities
The BA LLB syllabus is designed to prepare students for multiple legal and non-legal career paths. Each subject builds specific skills that directly connect to professional roles. Understanding this mapping helps students choose electives, internships, and specialisations wisely.
1. Litigation & Court Practice
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Indian Penal Code | Criminal analysis, case framing | Criminal Lawyer |
| Civil Procedure Code | Drafting, procedural knowledge | Civil Advocate |
| Law of Evidence | Cross-examination, proof | Trial Lawyer |
| Interpretation of Statutes | Legal reasoning | High Court / Supreme Court Practice |
| Drafting & Pleading | Document preparation | Independent Advocate |
📌 Best for students who enjoy courtroom arguments and practical law.
2. Judiciary & Judicial Services
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Law I & II | Constitutional interpretation | Civil Judge |
| CPC & CrPC | Procedural accuracy | Judicial Magistrate |
| Law of Evidence | Judgment writing | Higher Judicial Services |
| Jurisprudence | Legal philosophy | Legal Research Officer |
📌 Strong conceptual clarity from the BA LLB syllabus is essential for judiciary exams.
3. Corporate Law & Law Firms
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Law of Contract I & II | Contract drafting | Corporate Lawyer |
| Company Law I & II | Corporate compliance | Law Firm Associate |
| Taxation Law | Financial analysis | Tax Consultant |
| IPR | Intellectual property protection | IP Lawyer |
| Securities Law | Regulatory compliance | In-House Counsel |
📌 Ideal for students aiming for MNCs, startups, and top law firms.
4. Public Sector, Government & Regulatory Bodies
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Administrative Law | Government functioning | Legal Advisor (Govt.) |
| Constitutional Law | Policy interpretation | PSU Legal Officer |
| Labour Law | Industrial compliance | Labour Commissioner |
| Environmental Law | Regulatory law | Pollution Control Boards |
📌 Suitable for stable careers in government and statutory bodies.
5. Human Rights, NGOs & Social Justice
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Human Rights Law | Rights advocacy | Human Rights Lawyer |
| Sociology | Social understanding | NGO Legal Officer |
| Family Law | Family dispute handling | Family Court Lawyer |
| Constitutional Law | PIL drafting | Public Interest Litigator |
📌 Perfect for students passionate about justice and social change.
6. International Law & Global Careers
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| International Law I & II | Global legal frameworks | International Lawyer |
| ADR | Dispute resolution | International Arbitrator |
| Comparative Politics | Global governance | UN / NGO Legal Consultant |
📌 Helpful for students planning foreign LLM or international organizations.
7. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Arbitration & Mediation | Negotiation | Mediator |
| Contract Law | Dispute settlement | Arbitrator |
| Civil Procedure | Case resolution | ADR Specialist |
📌 Fast-growing field due to court backlogs.
8. Corporate HR, Compliance & Policy Roles
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Labour Law I & II | Employment law | HR Legal Advisor |
| Company Law | Compliance management | Compliance Officer |
| Legal Writing | Policy drafting | Policy Analyst |
📌 Popular non-courtroom career path for BA LLB graduates.
9. Academia, Research & Higher Studies
| Key Subjects | Skills Gained | Career Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Jurisprudence | Legal theory | Law Professor |
| Dissertation | Research writing | Legal Researcher |
| Constitutional Law | Academic analysis | PhD / LLM Scholar |
📌 Best for students interested in teaching and research.
10. Civil Services & Competitive Exams
| BA LLB Subjects | Exam Advantage |
|---|---|
| Constitutional Law | Polity (UPSC) |
| IPC, CrPC | Law Optional |
| Sociology & Economics | GS Papers |
| Ethics & Jurisprudence | Essay & Ethics |
📌 BA LLB syllabus overlaps heavily with UPSC & State PSC exams.
Is BA LLB Syllabus Difficult?
The BA LLB syllabus is concept-based, not rote-learning. Students who:
-
Read regularly
-
Understand concepts instead of memorizing
-
Practice answer writing
find it manageable and rewarding.
Final Thoughts
The BA LLB syllabus is carefully structured to transform a student into a thinking, ethical, and skilled legal professional. With a balance of theory, practice, and interdisciplinary knowledge, it remains one of the most respected law degrees in India, regulated strictly by the Bar Council of India.
If you are aiming for law, judiciary, corporate practice, or civil services, understanding the BA LLB syllabus is your first step toward success.